Tested on every build
- Audit-trail chain integrity
- E-signature record binding
- Permission enforcement
- Data-lock immutability
A regression in any one of them fails the build.
Audit trail, signature binding, access control and validation came first, not later. We build to these standards and ship their controls; we do not hold certifications against them.
Three laws
A form, a check, a query: each carries the protocol clause that authorized it. An ambiguous clause becomes a labelled gap for a person, never a confident guess.
An approved rule compiles to deterministic, versioned code. Re-run the study next year and it produces what it produced today.
7c1e…a907c1e…a90Identical output
A qualified person applies the change. That act, not the generation before it, is the authorizing event written to the record.
The record
Change one entry and watch what stops linking.
Chain verified. Every entry links to the one before it.
Entry 02 no longer matches its hash. 03 to 05 stop linking: detectable, not merely unlikely.


Four regimes
A sponsor demonstrates compliance. A vendor can hand over the machinery, so that is what this lists.
FDA · Electronic records and signatures
Designed inside from the first commit. Signatures re-authenticate and bind to the exact record version.
Part 11, section by section§11.10(e)Hash-chained, tamper-evident audit trail§11.70Signature bound to the record version§11.200Credentials re-entered per signatureICH · Good clinical practice
R3 asks for quality by design. A study built from the protocol model, rather than configured per system, is that idea as software.
LifecycleThe subject lifecycle is traceable end to endChangeAn amendment is a versioned change to the modelHHS · Protected health information
PHI is designated at the form level, so the system knows which values are protected and enforces it.
DesignationPHI marked per form, not by conventionAccessScoped by role and by siteAuditEvery PHI access event recordedEU · Data subject rights
Every access is logged, so answering a data subject request is a query, not an investigation.
RetentionConfigurable per study, not globallyAccessEvery access in the audit trailThe line
A regression in any one of them fails the build.
A sponsor demonstrates compliance for the system as used. We hand over what that requires.
Thirty minutes with our team. Validation approach, compliance posture and security summary on request.
Or email us: jgui@accuratrials.com